Satoshi Nakamoto

Satoshi Nakamoto

Names/Aliases	Satoshi Nakamoto
Born	allegedly (1975-04-05) April 5, 1975
Disappeared	June 2011
Active	2008-2011
Known for	Creating Bitcoin

Block maker
First hash January 3, 2009 First block January 9, 2009 (1) BTC mined est. 985,000 BTC $210 million USD (2015)

  

"Satoshi" redirects here. For other uses, see Satoshi (disambiguation).

Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonymous person or group of people who designed and created the original Bitcoin software, Bitcoin Core (formerly Bitcoin-Qt). Nakamoto published a whitepaper describing Bitcoin on The Cryptography Mailing List in 2008, and released a working implementation in 2009.

Nakamoto's involvement in Bitcoin Core development does not appear to extend past mid-2010. Prior to his disappearance in 2011, he named Gavin Andresen the Core maintainer.

Identity

There are no records of Nakamoto's identity or identities prior to the creation of Bitcoin. On his P2P foundation profile, Nakamoto claimed to be an individual male at the age of 37 and living in Japan, which was met with great skepticism due to his use of English and his Bitcoin software not being documented nor labeled in Japanese.

British formatting in his written work implies Nakamoto is of British origin. However, he also sometimes used American spelling, which may indicate that he was intentionally trying (but failed) to mask his writing style, or that he is more than one person.

Because the first release of Satoshi's original Bitcoin software was amazingly complete and featureful, the software is often speculated to be the result of a collaborative effort, leading some to claim that Satoshi Nakamoto himself was a collective pseudonym for a group of people. However, according to Bitcoin core developer Gregory Maxwell, "the [version 0.1] source code is strongly idiomatic of code written primarily by a single mind."

Investigations into the real identity of Satoshi Nakamoto have been attempted by The New Yorker, Fast Company and Newsweek.

The New Yorker arrived at Michael Clear, a young graduate student in cryptography at Trinity College in Dublin, who was named the top computer-science undergraduate at Trinity in 2008. The next year, he was hired by Allied Irish Banks to improve its currency-trading software, and he co-authored an academic paper on peer-to-peer technology.

Fast Company's investigation brought up circumstantial evidence that indicated a link between an encryption patent application filed by Neal King, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry on 15 August 2008, and the bitcoin.org domain name which was registered 72 hours later. The patent application contained networking and encryption technologies similar to Bitcoin's. After textual analysis, the phrase "...computationally impractical to reverse" was found in both the patent application and bitcoin's whitepaper. All three inventors explicitly denied being Satoshi Nakamoto.

Newsweek identified Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto, an engineer from Temple City, California. In March 2014 he wrote to Newsweek, "I did not create, invent or otherwise work on Bitcoin. I unconditionally deny the Newsweek report." Later Andreas Antonopoulos organized a fundraiser for Mr. Nakamoto, who thanked the community by video message.

Work

Nakamoto has claimed that he has been working on Bitcoin since 2007. In 2008, he published a paper on The Cryptography Mailing List at metzdowd.com describing the Bitcoin digital currency. In 2009, he released the first Bitcoin software that launched the network and the first units of the Bitcoin currency.

Version 0.1 was for Windows only and had no command-line interface. It was compiled using Microsoft Visual Studio. The code was elegant in some ways and inelegant in others. The code does not appear to have been written by either a total amateur or a professional programmer; some people speculate based on this that Satoshi was an academic with a lot of theoretical knowledge but not much programming experience. Version 0.1 was remarkably complete. If Satoshi truly only worked on it alone for two years, he must have spent a massive amount of time on the project.

Nakamoto was active in making modifications to the Bitcoin software and posting technical information on the Bitcoin Forum until his contact with other Bitcoin developers and the community gradually began to fade in mid-2010. Until a few months before he left, almost all modifications to the source code were done by Satoshi -- he accepted contributions relatively rarely. Just before he left, he set up Gavin Andresen as his successor by giving him access to the Bitcoin SourceForge project and a copy of the alert key.

Motives

Nakamoto's work appears to be politically motivated, as quoted:

"Yes, [we will not find a solution to political problems in cryptography,] but we can win a major battle in the arms race and gain a new territory of freedom for several years. Governments are good at cutting off the heads of a centrally controlled networks like Napster, but pure P2P networks like Gnutella and Tor seem to be holding their own." - Satoshi Nakamoto

"[Bitcoin is] very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if we can explain it properly. I'm better with code than with words though." - Satoshi Nakamoto

In the Bitcoin network's transaction database, the original entry has a note by Nakamoto that reads as:

"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks"

Some claim this quote implies Nakamoto had great concern or contempt for the current central banking system.

Influence

The smallest unit of the Bitcoin currency (1/100,000,000) has been named "satoshi" in collective homage to his founding of Bitcoin.

External Links

• Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, a collection of his and related papers
  • cf. The Book of Satoshi
• The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin
• The Crypto-Currency: Bitcoin and its mysterious inventor
• Satoshi's posts to Cryptography mailing list
• Bitcoin white paper

Predecessor: Position established	Bitcoin Core maintainer 2009–2011	Successor: Gavin Andresen